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Translation of Sahih Muslim, Book 15:
The Book of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman)
Chapter 1: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO TAKE THE OATHS IN THE
NAME OF ANYONE ELSE BESIDES ALLAH
Book 015, Number 4035:
'Umar b. al-Khattib reported Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) as saying: Allah, the Great and Majestic, forbids you to swear by your
fathers. Umar said: By Allah. I have never sworn (by my father) since I heard Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) forbidding it mentioning them" on my behalf"
nor on behalf of someone else.
Book 015, Number 4036:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Zuhri
except that in the hadith narrated on the authority of Uqail the words are:" I did
not take oath by (anyone else except Allah) since I heard Allah's Messenger forbidding it.
nor did I speak in such terms, and the narrator did not say," on my own behalf or on
behalf of someone else".
Book 015, Number 4037:
Salim reported on the authority of his father that Allah's
Apostle (may peace be upon him) heard 'Umar while he was taking oath by his father. The
rest of the hadith is the same.
Book 015, Number 4038:
'Abdullah (b. Umar) reported that Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) found, Umar b. al-Khattab amongst the riders and he was taking oath by
his father Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) called them (saying) ; Our Allah, the
Exated and Majestic, has forbidden you that you take oath by your father. He who bag to
take an oath, he must take it by Allah or keep quiet.
Book 015, Number 4039:
This hadith is narrated on the authority of Ibn Umar
through another chain of transmitters.
Book 015, Number 4040:
Ibn 'Umar heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: He who has to take an oath, he must not take oath but by Allah. The Quraish
used to take oath by their fathers. So he (the Holy Prophet) said: Do not take oath by
your fathers.
Chapter 2: HE WHO TAKES AN OATH BY LAT AND UZZA, HE
SHOULD SAY: THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH
Book 015, Number 4041:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who takes an oath in the course of which he says: By Lat (and
al-'Uzza), he should say: There is no god but Allah; and that it anyone says to his
friend:" Come and I will gamble with you," he should pay sadaqa.
Book 015, Number 4042:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri.
Book 015, Number 4043:
Abd al-Rahman b. Samura reported Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) as saying: Do not swear by idols, nor by your fathers.
Chapter 3: IT IS EXCELLENT TO BREAK THE VOW IF ONE
FINDS IT BETTER DOING THAT WHICH IS AGAINST THIS VOW ONE SHOULD EXPIATE IT
Book 015, Number 4044:
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported: I came to Allah's Apostle
(may peace be upon him) along with a group of Ash'arites requesting to give us a mount. He
(the Holy Prophet) said: By Allah, I cannot provide you with a mount, and there is nothing
with me which I should give you as a ride. He (the narrator) said: We stayed there as long
as Allah willed. Then there were brought to him (to the Holy Prophet) camels. He (the Holy
Prophet) then ordered to give us three white humped camels, We started and said (or some
of us said to the others): Allah will not bless us. We came to Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) begging him to provide us with riding camels. He swore that he could
not provide us with a mount, but later on he provided us with that. They (some of the
Prophet's Companions) came and informed him about this (rankling of theirs), whereupon he
said: It was not I who provided you with a mount, but Allah has provided you with that. So
far as I am concerned, by Allah, if He so wills, I would not swear, but if, later on, I
would see better than it, I (would break the vow) and expiate it and do that which is
better.
Book 015, Number 4045:
Abu Musa reported: My friends sent me to Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) asking him to provide them with mounts as they were going along
with him in jaish al-'Usrah (the army of destitutes or of meagre means or army setting out
during the hard times and that is the occasion of the expedition of Tabuk) I said: Apostle
of Allah, my friends have sent me to you so that you may provide them with mounts. He (the
Holy Prophet) said: By Allah, I cannot provide you with anything to ride. And it so
happened that he was at that time much perturbed. I little knew of it, so I came back with
a heavy heart on account of the refusal of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and
the fear that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) might have some feelings against
me. I returned to my friends and informed them about what Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) had said. I had hardly stayed for a little that I heard Bilal calling: 'Abdullah
b. Qais. I responded to his call. He said: Hasten to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him), he is calling you, When I came to the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) he said:
Take this pair, this pair, and this pair (i. e. six camels which he had bought from Sa'd),
and take them to y, our friends and say: Verily Allah (or he said: Verily Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) has provided you with these animals. So ride upon them.
Abu Musa said: I went along with them to my friends and said: Verily Allah's messenger
(may peace be upon him) has provided you with these animals for riding; but by Allah, I
shall not leave you until some of you go along with me to him who had heard the talk of
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) then I asked him for you, and his refusal for
the first time, and then his granting them to me subsequently; so you should not think
that I narrated to you something which he did not say. They said to me: By Allah, in our
opinion you are certainly truthful, and we would do as you like. So Abu Musa went along
withsome of the menfrom them until they came to those who had heard the words of Allah's
Messenger (may, peace be upon him) and his refusal to (provide) them with (animals) ; and
subsequently his granting (the animals) to them; and they narrated to them exactly as Abu
Masa had narrated to them.
Book 015, Number 4046:
Ayyub said: We were sitting in the company of Abu Musa that
he called for food and it consisted of flesh of fowl. It was then that a person from Banu
Tamim visited him. His complexion was red having the resemblance of a slave. He said to
him: Come and (join me in food). He showed reluctance. He (Abu Masa) said: Come on, for I
saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) eating it (fowl's meat), whereupon that
person said: I saw it eating something (of filth and rubbish) and I found it repugnant and
took an oath that I would never eat that. He (Abu Muds) said: Come, so that I would
narrate to you about that (the incident pertaining to vow). (And he narrated thus): I came
to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) along with a group of people belonging to the
tribe of Ash'ari, asking him to provide us with riding camels. He (the Holy Prophet) said:
By Allah, I cannot provide you with riding animals. And there is nothing with me with
which I can provide you a mount. We stayed (for some time) there as Allah willed, and
there was brought to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) booty of camels. He called
us and commanded that we should be given five white humped camels. As we were about to go
back, some of us said to the other: As we made Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
forget oath, there would be no blessing for us (in his gift). We went back to him and
said: Allah's Messenger, we came to you to provide us with riding animals and you took an
oath that you would never equip us with mounts and then you have provided us with the
riding beasts Allali's Messenger, have you forgotten? Thereupon he said: I swear by Allah
that if Allah so wills, I shall not swear an oath, and then consider something else to be
better than it without making atonement for my oath and doing the thing that is better. So
you go; Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, has given you riding animals.
Book 015, Number 4047:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Musa
al-Ash'ari with a slight variation of words.
Book 015, Number 4048:
Zahdam al-Jarmi reported: We were in the company of Abu
Musa. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Book 015, Number 4049:
Zahdam al-Jarmi reported: I visited Abu Musa and lie was
eating fowl's meat. The rest of the hadith is the same with this addition that he (the
Holy Prophet) said: By Allah, I did not forget it.
Book 015, Number 4050:
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported: We came to Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) requesting him to provide us with riding camels. He (the Holy
Prophet) said: There is nothing with me with which I should equip you. By Allah, I would
not provide you with (riding camels). Then Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent
to us three camels with spotted bumps. We said: We came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) asking him to equip us with riding animals. He took an oath that he could not
equip us. We came to him and informed him. He said: By Allah, I do not take an oath, but
when I find the other thing better than that, I do that which is better.
Book 015, Number 4051:
Abu Musa reported: We walked on foot and came to Allah's
Apostle (may peace he upon him) asking him to provide us with mounts. The rest of the
hadith is the same.
Book 015, Number 4052:
Abu Huraira reported: A person sat late in the night with
Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), and then came to his family and found that his
children had gone to sleep. His wife brought food for him. but he took an oath that he
would not eat because of his children (having gone to sleep without food) He then gave
precedence (of breaking the vow and then expiating it) and ate the food He then came to
Allah s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and made mention of that to him, whereupon
Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him) said: He who took an oath and (later on) found
something better than that should do that, and expiate for (breaking) his vow.
Book 015, Number 4053:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who took an oath and then found another thing better than (this) should
expiate for the oath (broken) by him and do (the better thing).
Book 015, Number 4054:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who took an oath and (later on) found another thing better than that,
he should do that which is better, and expiate for the vow (broken by him).
Book 015, Number 4055:
This hadith is narrated on the authority of Suhail with the
same chain of transmitters (with these words):" He should expiate for (breaking) the
vow and do that which is better."
Book 015, Number 4056:
Tamim b. Tarafa reported: A beggar came to 'Adi b. Hatim
and he begged him to give him the price of a slave, or some portion of the price of the
slave. He ('Adi) said: I have nothing to give you except my coat-of-mail and helmet. I
will, however, write to my family to give that to you, but he did not agree to that.
Thereupon 'Adi was enraged, and said: By Allah, I will not give you anything. The person
(then) agreed to accept that, whereupon he said: By Allah, had I not heard Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying:" He who took an oath, but then found
something more pious in the sight of Allah, he should (break the oath) and do that which
is more pious," I would not have broken the oath (and thus paid you anything).
Book 015, Number 4057:
'Adi b. Hatim reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who took an oath, but he found something else better than that, should
do that which is better and break his oath.
Book 015, Number 4058:
'Adi reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as
saying: When anyone amongst you takes an oath, but he finds (something) better than that
he should expiate (the breaking of the oath), and do that which is better.
Book 015, Number 4059:
This hadith is reported on the authority of Adi b. Hatim
through another chain of transmitters.
Book 015, Number 4060:
Tamim b. Tarafa reported that he beard 'Adi b. Hatim say
that a person came to him and asked for one hundred dirhams. He ('Adi) said: You asked Me
for one hundred dirhams and I am the son of Hatim; by Allah, I will not give you. But then
he said: (I would have done that) if I had not heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) say: He who takes an oath, but then finds something better than that, should do that
which is better.
Book 015, Number 4061:
Tamim b. Tarafa reported: I heard 'Adi b. Hatim say that a
person asked that and then narrated (the hadith) like one (mentioned above), but he made
this addition:" Here are four hundred (dirhams) for you out of my gift."
Book 015, Number 4062:
Abd al-Rahman b. Samura reported that Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) said to me: Abd al-Rahman b. Samura, don't ask for authority for
if it is granted to you for asking for it, you would be commissioned for it (without
having the support of Allah), but if you are granted it without your asking for it. You
would be helped (by Allah) in it. And when you take an oath and find something else better
than that, expiate for (breaking) your oath, and do that which is better. This hadith has
also been transmitted on the authority of Ibn Farrukh.
Book 015, Number 4063:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Abd
al-Rahman b. Samura through another chain of transmitters but there is no mention of the
word" authority".
Chapter 4: THE OATH WOULD BE CONSIDERED ON THE
BASIS OF THE INTENTION OF ONE WHO TAKES AN OATH
Book 015, Number 4064:
Abu Haraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: Your oath should be about something regarding which your companion will
believe you. 'Amr said: By which your companion will believe you.
Book 015, Number 4065:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: An oath is to be interpreted according to the intention of the one who
takes it.
Chapter 5: EXPRESSING THE WORDS" GOD
WILLING" IN THE OATH
Book 015, Number 4066:
Abu Huraira reported that (Hadrat) Sulaiman had sixty
wives. He (one day) said: I will visit each one of them every night, and every one of them
will become pregnant and give birth to a male child who will be a horseman and fight in
the cause of Allah. But (it so happened) that none of them became pregnant except one, but
she gave birth to an incomplete child. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
said: Had he said Insha' Allah (if God so wills), then every one of them would have given
birth to a child who would have been a horseman and fought in the cause of Allah
Book 015, Number 4067:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Prophet (may peace be upon
him) as saying that Sulaiman b. Dawud, the Apostle of Allah, observed: I will have an
intercourse with seventy wives during the night; all of them will give birth to a male
child who will fight in the cause of Allah. His companion or the ang I said to him:
Say," If God wills." But he (Hadrat Sulaimin) did not say so, and he forgot it.
And none of his wives gave birth to a child, but one who gave birth to a premature child.
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Had he said Insha' Allah (if God so will).
he would not have failed and his desire would have been materialised.
Book 015, Number 4068:
Abu Huraira reported this hadith from the Apostle of Allah
(may peace be upon him) through another chain of transmitters.
Book 015, Number 4069:
Abu Huraira reported that Sulaiman b. Dawud said: I will
certainly have intercourse with seventy wives during the night, and every wife amongst
them will give birth to a child, who will fight in the cause of Allah. It was said to him:
Say:" Insha' Allah" (God willing), but he did not say so and forgot it. He went
round them but none of them give birth to a child except one woman and that too was an
incomplete person. Upon this Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: If he had
said" Insha' Allah." he would not have failed, and his desire must have been
fulfilled.
Book 015, Number 4070:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) as saying that Sulaiman b. Dawud (once) said: I will go round in the night to my
ninety wives, and every one of them will give birth to a child (who will grow up) as a
horseman and fight in the cause of Allah His companions said to him: Say" Insha'
Allah." but he did not say Inshii' Allah. He went round all of them but none of them
became pregnant but one, and she gave birth to a premature child. And by Him in Whose hand
is the life of Muhammad, if he had said, Insha' Allah (his wives would have given birth to
the children who would all have grown up into horsemen and fought in the way of Allah).
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Zinad with the same chain of
transmitters with a variation of (these words):" Every one of them giving birth to a
child, who would have fought in the cause of Allah."
Chapter 6: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO PERSIST IN AN OATH
WHICH CAUSES TROUBLE TO THE FAMILY, AND IS NOT LAWFUL
Book 015, Number 4071:
Hammam b. Munabbih reported: This is what Abu Huraira
reported to us from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and he narrated a hadith
and (one) of them is that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I swear by
Allah, it is more sinful in Allah's sight for one of you to persist in an oath regarding
his family than payment of its expiation which Allah has imposed upon him (for breaking
the oath).
Chapter 7: WHAT A NON-BELIEVER SHOULD DO WITH HIS
VOW WHEN HE EMBRACES ISLAM
Book 015, Number 4072:
Ibn 'Umar reported that Umar (b. Khattab) said: Messenger
of Allah, I had taken a vow during the days of Ignorance (Jahiliyya) that I would observe
I'tikaf for a night in the Sacred Mosque. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Fulfil your vow.
Book 015, Number 4073:
This hadith is transmitted on the authority of Ibn Umar
with a slight variation of words.
Book 015, Number 4074:
'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported that 'Umar b. Khattab asked the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as he was at ji'rana (a town near Mecca) on his
way back from Ta'if: Messenger of Allah, I had taken a vow during the days of Ignorance
that I would observe I'tikaf for one day in the Sacred Mosque. So what is your opinion? He
said: Go and observe I'tikaf for a day. And Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) gave
him a slave girl out of the one-fifth (of the spoils of war meant for the Holy Prophet).
And when Allah's Messenger (inay peace be upon him) set the war prisoners free. 'Umar b.
Khattab heard their voice as they were saying: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
has set as free. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: What is this? They said: Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) has set free the prisoners of war (which had fallen to the lot of
people). Thereupon he (Hadrat 'Umar) said: Abdullah, go to that slave-girl and set her
free.
Book 015, Number 4075:
lbn 'Umar reported: When Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) came back from the Battle of Hunain, Umar asked Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) about the vow he had taken during the days of Ignorance that he would observe I'tikaf
for a day. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Book 015, Number 4076:
Nafi' reported: A mention of Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) observing 'Umra from ja'rina was made before Ibn 'Umar. He said: He did not
enter into the state of Ihram from that (place), and Umar had taken a vow of observing
I'tikaf for a night during the days of Ignorance. The rest of the hadith is the same.
Book 015, Number 4077:
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Ibn
Umar through another chain of transmitters but with a slight variation of words.
Chapter 8: HOW SHOULD THE MASTERS TREAT THEIR
SLAVES AND EXPIATION IF THEY SHOW HIGH-HANDEDNESS
Book 015, Number 4078:
Zadhan Abl Umar reported: I came to Ibn 'Umar as he had
granted freedom to a stave. He (the narrator further) said: He took hold of a wood or
something like it from the earth and said: It (freedom of a slave) has not the reward
evert equal to it, but the fact that I heard Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him)
say: He who slaps his slave or beats him, the expiation for it is that he should set him
free.
Book 015, Number 4079:
Zadhan reported that Ibn Umar called his slave and he found
the marks (of beating) upon his back. He said to him: I have caused you pain. He said: No.
But he (Ibn Umar) said: You are free. He then took hold of something from the earth and
said: There is no reward for me even to the weight equal to it. I heard Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) as saying: He who beats a slave without cognizable offence of his
or slaps him (without any serious fault), then expiation for it is that he should set him
free.
Book 015, Number 4080:
This hadith has been narrated through another chain of
transmitters with a slight variation of words.
Book 015, Number 4081:
Mu'awiya b. Suwaid reported: I slapped a slave belonging to
us and then fled away. I came back just before noon and offered prayer behind my father.
He called him (the slave) and me and said: Do as he has done to you. He granted pardon. He
(my father) then said: We belonged to the family of Muqarrin during the lifetime of
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him. and had only one slave-girl and one of us
slapped her. This news reached Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and he said: Set
her free. They (the members of the family) said: There is no other servant except she.
Thereupon he said: Then employ her and when you can afford to dispense with her services,
then set her free.
Book 015, Number 4082:
Hilal b. Yasaf reported that a person got angry and slapped
his slave-girl. Thereupon Suwaid b. Muqarrin said to him: You could find no other part (to
slap) but the prominent part of her face. See I was one of the seven sons of Muqarrin, and
we had but only one slave-girl. The youngest of us slapped her, and Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) commanded us to set her free. 2097
Book 015, Number 4083:
Hilal b. Yasaf reported: We used to sell cloth in the house
of Suwaid b. Muqarrin, the brother of Nu'man b. Muqarrin. There came out a slave-girl, and
she said something to a person amongst us, and he slapped her. Suwaid was enraged-the rest
of the hadlth is the same.
Book 015, Number 4084:
Suwaid b. Muqarrin reported that he had a slave-girl and a
person (one of the members of the family) slapped her, whereupon Suwaid said to him: Don't
you know that it is forbidden (to strike the) face. He said: You see I was the seventh one
amongst my brothers during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and
we had but only one servant. One of us got enraged and slapped him. Thereupon Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded us to set him free.
Book 015, Number 4085:
Wahb b. Jarir reported: Shu'ba informed that Muhammad b.
Munkadir said to me: What is your name? The rest of the hadith is the same.
Book 015, Number 4086:
Abu Mas'ud al-Badri reported: I was beating my slave with a
whip when I heard a voice behind me: Understand, Abu Masud; but I did not recognise the
voice due to intense anger. He (Abu Mas'ud) reported: As he came near me (I found) that he
was the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and he was saying: Bear in mind, Abu
Mas'ud; bear in mind. Abu Mas'ud. He (Aba Maslad) said: threw the whip from my hand.
Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Bear in mind, Abu Mas'ud; verily Allah has more
dominance upon you than you have upon your slave. I (then) said: I would never beat my
servant in future.
Book 015, Number 4087:
This hadith has been narrated on the authorityo A'mash but
with this variation of words:" There fell from my hand the whip on account of his
(the Prophet's) awe."
Book 015, Number 4088:
Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari reported: When I was beating my
servant, I heard a voice behind me (saying): Abu Mas'ud, bear in mind Allah has more
dominance over you than you have upon him. I turned and (found him) to be Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him). I said: Allah's Messenger, I set him free for the sake
of Allah. Thereupon he said: Had you not done that, (the gates of) Hell would have opened
for you, or the fire would have burnt you.
Book 015, Number 4089:
Abu Mas'ud reported that he had been beating his slave and
he had been saying: I seek refuge with Allah, but he continued beating him, whereupon he
said: I seek refuge with Allah's Messenger, and he spared him. Thereupon Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) said: By Allah, God has more dominance over you than you have over
him (the slave). He said that he set him free. This hadith has been narrated on the
authority of Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters, but made no mention of (these
words) of his: I seek refuge with Allah, I seek refuge with Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him).
Chapter 9: IT IS IMPROPER TO ACCUSE THE SLAVE OF
ADULTERY
Book 015, Number 4090:
Abu Huraira reported that Abu'l-Qasim (one of the names of
Allah's Messenger [may peace be upon him]) said: He who accused his slave of adultery,
punishment would be imposed upon him on the Day of Resurrection, except in case the
accusation was as he had said.
Book 015, Number 4091:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn
Ghazwan (and the words are):" I heard Abu'l-Qasim (may peace be upon him) as the
Prophet of repentance."
Chapter 10: FEEDING OF SLAVE WITH WHAT THE MASTER
EATS HIMSELF AND CLOTHING HIM WITH WHAT HE WEARS HIMSELF AND NOT TO BURDEN HIM BEYOND
CAPACITY
Book 015, Number 4092:
Al-Ma'rur b. Suwaid said: We went to Abu Dharr (Ghifari) in
Rabadha and he had a mantle over him, and his slave had one like it. We said: Abu Dharr,
had you joined them together, it would have been a complete garment. Thereupon he said:
There was an altercation between me and one of the persons among my brothers. His mother
was a non-Arab. I reproached him for his mother. He complained against me to Allah's
Apostle (may peace be upon him). As I met Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) he said:
Abu Dharr, you are a person who still has (in him the remnants) of the days (of
Ignorance). Thereupon I said: Allah's Messenger, he who abuses (other) persons, they abuse
(in return) his father and mother. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Abu Dharr, you are a person
who still has (the remnants) of Ignorance in him They (your servants and slaves) are your
brothers. Allah has put them in your care, so feed them with what you eat, clothe them
with what you wear. and do not burden them beyond their capacities; but if you burden them
(with an unbearable burden), then help them (by sharing their extra burden).
Book 015, Number 4093:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of A'mash
but with a slight variation of words, e. g. in the hadith transmitted on the authority of
Zuhair and Abu Mu'awiya after his words (these words of the Holy Prophet):" You are a
person having the remnants of Ignorance in him." (these words also occur, that Abu
Dharr) said: Even up to this time of my old age? He (the Holy Prophet) said: Yes. In the
tradition transmitted on the authority of Abu Mu'awiya (the words are):" Yes, in this
time of your old age." In the tradition transmitted on the authority of 'Isa (the
words are):" If you burden him (with an unbearable burden), you should sell him (and
get another slave who can easily undertake this burden)." In the hadith transmitted
on the authority of Zuhair (the words are):" Help him in that (work)." In the
hadith transmitted by Abu Mu'awiya (separately) there is no such word: Then sell him or
help him." This hadith concludes with these words:" Do not burden him beyond his
capacity."
Book 015, Number 4094:
Ma'rur b. Suwaid reported: I saw Abu Dharr wearing clothes,
and his slave wearing similar ones. I asked him about it, and he narrated that he had
abused a person during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upoe. him) and he
reproached him for his mother. That person came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)
and made mention of that to him. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said:
You are a person who has (remnants of) Ignorance in him. Your slaves are brothers of
yours. Allah has placed them in your hand, and he who has his brother under him, he should
feed him with what he eats, and dress him with what he dresses himself, and do not burden
them beyond their capacities, and if you burden them, (beyond their capacities), then help
them.
Book 015, Number 4095:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: It is essential to feed the slave, clothe him (properly) and not burden
him with work which is beyond his power.
Book 015, Number 4096:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: When the slave of anyone amongst you prepares food for him and he serves
him after having sat close to (and undergoing the hardship of) heat and smoke, he should
make him (the slave) sit along with him and make him eat (along with him), and if the food
seems to run short, then he should spare some portion for him (from his own share) -
(another narrator) Dawud said:" i. e. a morsel or two". 4097
Chapter 11: REWARD OF THE SALVE WHEN HE IS LOYAL TO
HIS MASTER AND IS GOOD IN WORSHIPPING ALLAH
Book 015, Number 4097:
Ibn Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
as saying: When a slave looks to the welfare of his master and worships Allah well, he has
two rewards for him.
Book 015, Number 4098:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar
through another chain of transmitters.
Book 015, Number 4099:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: For a faithful slave there are two rewards. By him in Whose hand is the
life of Abu Huraira, but for Jibad in the cause of Allah, and Pilgrimage and kindness to
my mother, I would have preferred to die as a slave. He (one of the narrators in the chain
of transmitters) said: This news reached us that Abu Huraira did not perform Pilgrimage
until his mother died for (keeping himself constantly) in her service. This hadith has
been transmitted on the authority of Abu Tahir but with a slight variation of words.
Book 015, Number 4100:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: When a slave fulfils obligation of Allah and obligation of his master, he
has two rewards for him. I narrated this to Ka'b, and Ka'b said: (Such a slave) has no
accountability, nor has a poor believer.
Book 015, Number 4101:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: It is good for a slave that he worships Allah well, and serves his master
(well). It is good for him.
Chapter 12: HE WHO EMANCIPATES HIS SHARE IN THE
SLAVE
Book 015, Number 4102:
Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who gives up his share in a slave, and has enough money to pay the full
price of the slave, then full emancipation devolves upon him; but if he has not the money,
then he emancipated what he emancipated.
Book 015, Number 4103:
Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who emancipates his share in the slave, it is his responsibility to
secure full freedom for him provided he (the slave) has enough money to pay the
(remaining) price, but it he has not so much money he would be emancipated to the extent
that the first man emancipated.
Book 015, Number 4104:
'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) as saying: He who gives up his share in a slave, and he has money enough to meet
the full price, a fair price for him should be fixed; otherwise be has emancipated him to
the extent that he has emancipated.
Book 015, Number 4105:
This hadith has been narrated through another chain of
transmitters with a slight variation of words.
Book 015, Number 4106:
Salim b. 'Abdullah reported on the authority of his father
that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: He who emancipates a slave (shared) by
him and another one, his full price may be justly assessed from his wealth, neither less
nor more, and he (the slave) would be emancipated if he (the partner) would be solvent
enough (to forgo the amount of his share).
Book 015, Number 4107:
Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)
as saying: He who gives up his share in a slave, the remaining (share) will be paid out of
his riches if his riches are enough to meet the price of the slave.
Book 015, Number 4108:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) as saying: In case the slave is owned by two persons, and one of them emancipates
him, he will guarantee (his full freedom).
Book 015, Number 4109:
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Shu'ba
with the same chain of transmitters (and the words are):" He who emancipates a
portion in a slave, he should (secure full) freedom for him from his property."
Book 015, Number 4110:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon
him) as saying: He who emancipates his portion in a slave, full emancipation may be
secured for him out of his property (if he has money) if he has enough property to meet
(the required expenses), but if he has not enough property, the slave should be put to
extra labour (in order to earn money for buying his freedom), but he should not be
overburdened.
Book 015, Number 4111:
This hadith has been narrated through another chain of
transmitters (and the words are):" He will be required to work (in order to secure
freedom) for that por- tion in which he has not been emancipated, without overburdening
him."
Book 015, Number 4112:
'Imran b. Husain reported that a person who had no other
property emancipated six slaves of his at the time of his death. Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) called for them and divided them into three sections, cast lots amongst
them, and set two free and kept four in slavery; and he (the Holy Prophet) spoke severely
of him.
Book 015, Number 4113:
This hadith has been narrated through another chain of
transmitters (and the words are):" A person from among the Ansar willed away the
freedom of six slaves of his at the time of his death."
Book 015, Number 4114:
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Imran b.
Husain through another chain of narrators.
Chapter 13: THE PERMISSIBILITY OF BUYING A MUDABBAR
SLAVE
Book 015, Number 4115:
Jabir b. 'Abdullah said that a person among the Ansar
declared his slave free after his death, as he had no other property. This news reached
the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) and he said: Who will buy him from me? And
Nu'aim b. al-Nahham bought him for eight hundred dirhams and he handed them over to him,
'Amr (one of the narrators) said: I heard Jabir b. 'Abdullah as saying: He was a Coptic
slave, and he died in the first year (of the Caliphate of 'Abdullah b. Zubair).
Book 015, Number 4116:
Jabir is reported to have said: A person amongst the Ansar
who had no other property declared a slave free after his death. Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) sold him, and Ibn al-Nahham bought him and he was a Coptic slave (who)
died in the first year of the Caliphate of Ibn Zubair.
Book 015, Number 4117:
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of
Jabir through another chain of transmitters.
Book 015, Number 4118:
This hadith has been narrated from Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) through other chains of transmitters.
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