Transferance of a Debt
from One Person to Another (Al-Hawaala)
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 486:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Procrastination
(delay) in paying debts by a wealthy man is injustice. So, if
your debt is transferred from your debtor to a rich debtor, you
should agree."
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 487:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Procrastination
(delay) in paying debts by a wealthy person is injustice. So, if
your debt is transferred from your debtor to a rich debtor, you
should agree."
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 488r:
Narrated Salama bin Al-Akwa:
Once, while we were sitting in the
company of Prophet, a dead man was brought. The Prophet was
requested to lead the funeral prayer for the deceased. He said,
"Is he in debt?" The people replied in the negative. He said,
"Has he left any wealth?" They said, "No." So, he led his
funeral prayer. Another dead man was brought and the people
said, "O Allah's Apostle! Lead his funeral prayer." The Prophet
said, "Is he in debt?" They said, "Yes." He said, "Has he left
any wealth?" They said, ''Three Dinars." So, he led the prayer.
Then a third dead man was brought and the people said (to the
Prophet ), Please lead his funeral prayer." He said, "Has he
left any wealth?" They said, "No." He asked, "Is he in debt?"
They said, ("Yes! He has to pay) three Diners.', He (refused to
pray and) said, "Then pray for your (dead) companion." Abu
Qatada said, "O Allah's Apostle! Lead his funeral prayer, and I
will pay his debt." So, he led the prayer.
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 488h:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "An Israeli man asked
another Israeli to lend him one thousand Dinars. The second man
required witnesses. The former replied, 'Allah is sufficient as
a witness.' The second said, 'I want a surety.' The former
replied, 'Allah is sufficient as a surety.' The second said,
'You are right,' and lent him the money for a certain period.
The debtor went across the sea. When he finished his job, he
searched for a conveyance so that he might reach in time for the
repayment of the debt, but he could not find any. So, he took a
piece of wood and made a hole in it, inserted in it one thousand
Dinars and a letter to the lender and then closed (i.e. sealed)
the hole tightly. He took the piece of wood to the sea and said.
'O Allah! You know well that I took a loan of one thousand
Dinars from so-and-so. He demanded a surety from me but I told
him that Allah's Guarantee was sufficient and he accepted Your
guarantee. He then asked for a witness and I told him that Allah
was sufficient as a Witness, and he accepted You as a Witness.
No doubt, I tried hard to find a conveyance so that I could pay
his money but could not find, so I hand over this money to You.'
Saying that, he threw the piece of wood into the sea till it
went out far into it, and then he went away. Meanwhile he
started searching for a conveyance in order to reach the
creditor's country.
One day the lender came out of his
house to see whether a ship had arrived bringing his money, and
all of a sudden he saw the piece of wood in which his money had
been deposited. He took it home to use for fire. When he sawed
it, he found his money and the letter inside it. Shortly after
that, the debtor came bringing one thousand Dinars to him and
said, 'By Allah, I had been trying hard to get a boat so that I
could bring you your money, but failed to get one before the one
I have come by.' The lender asked, 'Have you sent something to
me?' The debtor replied, 'I have told you I could not get a boat
other than the one I have come by.' The lender said, 'Allah has
delivered on your behalf the money you sent in the piece of
wood. So, you may keep your one thousand Dinars and depart
guided on the right path.' "
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 489:
Narrated Said bin Jubair:
Ibn Abbas said, "In the verse: To every
one We have appointed ' (Muwaliya Mawaliya means one's) heirs
(4.33).' (And regarding the verse) 'And those with whom your
right hands have made a pledge.' Ibn 'Abbas said, "When the
emigrants came to the Prophet in Medina, the emigrant would
inherit the Ansari while the latter's relatives would not
inherit him because of the bond of brotherhood which the Prophet
established between them (i.e. the emigrants and the Ansar).
When the verse: 'And to everyone We have appointed heirs' (4.33)
was revealed, it cancelled (the bond (the pledge) of brotherhood
regarding inheritance)." Then he said, "The verse: To those also
to whom your right hands have pledged, remained valid regarding
co-operation and mutual advice, while the matter of inheritance
was excluded and it became permissible to assign something in
one's testament to the person who had the right of inheriting
before.
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 490:
Narrated Anas:
Abdur-Rahman bin 'Auf came to us and
Allah's Apostle established a bond of brotherhood between him
and Sad bin Rabi'a.
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 491:
Narrated Asim:
I heard Anas bin Malik, "Have you ever
heard that the Prophet said, 'There is no alliance in Islam?' "
He replied, "The Prophet made alliance between Quarish and the
Ansar in my house."
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 492:
Narrated Salama bin Al-Akwa:
A dead person was brought to the
Prophet so that he might lead the funeral prayer for him. He
asked, "Is he in debt?" When the people replied in the negative,
he led the funeral prayer. Another dead person was brought and
he asked, "Is he in debt?" They said, "Yes." He (refused to lead
the prayer and) said, "Lead the prayer of your friend." Abu
Qatada said, "O Allah's Apostle! I undertake to pay his debt."
Allah's Apostle then led his funeral prayer.
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 493:
Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:
Once the Prophet said (to me), "If the
money of Bahrain comes, I will give you a certain amount of it."
The Prophet had breathed his last before the money of Bahrain
arrived. When the money of Bahrain reached, Abu Bakr announced,
"Whoever was promised by the Prophet should come to us." I went
to Abu Bakr and said, "The Prophet promised me so and so." Abu
Bakr gave me a handful of coins and when I counted them, they
were five-hundred in number. Abu Bakr then said, "Take twice the
amount you have taken (besides)."
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 494:
Narrated Aisha:
(wife of the Prophet) Since I reached
the age when I could remember things, I have seen my parents
worshipping according to the right faith of Islam. Not a single
day passed but Allah's Apostle visited us both in the morning
and in the evening. When the Muslims were persecuted, Abu Bakr
set out for Ethiopia as an emigrant. When he reached a place
called Bark-al-Ghimad, he met Ibn Ad-Daghna, the chief of the
Qara tribe, who asked Abu Bakr, "Where are you going?" Abu Bakr
said, "My people have turned me out of the country and I would
like to tour the world and worship my Lord." Ibn Ad-Daghna said,
"A man like you will not go out, nor will he be turned out as
you help the poor earn their living, keep good relation with
your Kith and kin, help the disabled (or the dependents),
provide guests with food and shelter, and help people during
their troubles. I am your protector. So, go back and worship
your Lord at your home." Ibn Ad-Daghna went along with Abu Bakr
and took him to the chiefs of Quraish saying to them, "A man
like Abu Bakr will not go out, nor will he be turned out. Do you
turn out a man who helps the poor earn their living, keeps good
relations with Kith and kin, helps the disabled, provides guests
with food and shelter, and helps the people during their
troubles?"
So, Quraish allowed Ibn Ad-Daghna's
guarantee of protection and told Abu- Bakr that he was secure,
and said to Ibn Ad-Daghna, "Advise Abu Bakr to worship his Lord
in his house and to pray and read what he liked and not to hurt
us and not to do these things publicly, for we fear that our
sons and women may follow him." Ibn Ad-Daghna told Abu Bakr of
all that, so Abu- Bakr continued worshipping his Lord in his
house and did not pray or recite Qur'an aloud except in his
house. Later on Abu Bakr had an idea of building a mosque in the
court yard of his house. He fulfilled that idea and started
praying and reciting Qur'an there publicly. The women and the
offspring of the pagans started gathering around him and looking
at him astonishingly. Abu Bakr was a softhearted person and
could not help weeping while reciting Qur'an. This horrified the
pagan chiefs of Quraish. They sent for Ibn Ad-Daghna and when he
came, they said, "We have given Abu Bakr protection on condition
that he will worship his Lord in his house, but he has
transgressed that condition and has built a mosque in the court
yard of his house and offered his prayer and recited Qur'an in
public. We are afraid lest he mislead our women and offspring.
So, go to him and tell him that if he wishes he can worship his
Lord in his house only, and if not, then tell him to return your
pledge of protection as we do not like to betray you by revoking
your pledge, nor can we tolerate Abu Bakr's public declaration
of Islam (his worshipping)."
'Aisha added: Ibn Ad-Daghna came to Abu
Bakr and said, "You know the conditions on which I gave you
protection, so you should either abide by those conditions or
revoke my protection, as I do not like to hear the 'Arabs saying
that Ibn Ad-Daghna gave the pledge of protection to a person and
his people did not respect it." Abu Bakr said, "I revoke your
pledge of protection and am satisfied with Allah's protection."
At that time Allah's Apostle was still in Mecca and he said to
his companions, "Your place of emigration has been shown to me.
I have seen salty land, planted with date-palms and situated
between two mountains which are the two ,Harras." So, when the
Prophet told it, some of the companions migrated to Medina, and
some of those who had migrated to Ethiopia returned to Medina.
When Abu Bakr prepared for emigration, Allah's Apostle said to
him, "Wait, for I expect to be permitted to emigrate." Abu Bakr
asked, "May my father be sacrificed for your sake, do you really
expect that?" Allah's Apostle replied in the affirmative. So,
Abu Bakr postponed his departure in order to accompany Allah's
Apostle and fed two camels which he had, with the leaves of
Samor trees for four months.
Volume 3, Book
37, Number 495:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Whenever a dead man in debt was brought
to Allah's Apostle he would ask, "Has he left anything to repay
his debt?" If he was informed that he had left something to
repay his debts, he would offer his funeral prayer, otherwise he
would tell the Muslims to offer their friend's funeral prayer.
When Allah made the Prophet wealthy through conquests, he said,
"I am more rightful than other believers to be the guardian of
the believers, so if a Muslim dies while in debt, I am
responsible for the repayment of his debt, and whoever leaves
wealth (after his death) it will belong to his heirs. "
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